534 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
534 lines
14 KiB
Markdown
# Debian 12 高可用集群部署手册
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## 一、环境准备
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### 1.1 虚拟机配置要求
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| 节点 | IP地址 | CPU | 内存 | 磁盘 | 操作系统 |
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|------|--------|-----|------|------|----------|
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| Node-01 | 192.168.1.101 | 4核 | 8GB | 100GB | Debian 12 (Bookworm) |
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| Node-02 | 192.168.1.102 | 4核 | 8GB | 100GB | Debian 12 (Bookworm) |
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| Node-03 | 192.168.1.103 | 4核 | 8GB | 100GB | Debian 12 (Bookworm) |
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### 1.2 Debian 12 安装建议
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下载地址: https://www.debian.org/distrib/
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推荐使用 **Debian 12 Netinst** 最小化安装：
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- 选择 "无图形界面" 安装
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- 仅安装 SSH server 和标准系统工具
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- 使用 LVM 分区，便于扩展
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### 1.3 系统初始化
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在每台虚拟机上执行以下操作：
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```bash
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# 切换到 root 用户
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su -
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# 上传 init-debian12.sh 脚本并执行
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chmod +x init-debian12.sh
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./init-debian12.sh
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# 使环境变量生效
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source /etc/profile
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# 验证安装
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java -version
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mvn -version
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docker --version
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docker compose version
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```
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### 1.4 网络配置
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#### 配置静态 IP
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```bash
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# 编辑网络配置
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vim /etc/network/interfaces
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# 添加以下内容 (根据实际网络调整)
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#（VMware虚拟机版）
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# Node-01
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# The primary network interface
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auto ens33
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iface ens33 inet static
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address 192.168.1.101
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netmask 255.255.255.0
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gateway 192.168.1.2
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dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 114.114.114.114
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# 重启网络
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systemctl restart networking
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reboot
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```
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#### 配置主机名
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```bash
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# Node-01
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hostnamectl set-hostname node-01
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echo "192.168.1.101 node-01" >> /etc/hosts
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echo "192.168.1.102 node-02" >> /etc/hosts
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echo "192.168.1.103 node-03" >> /etc/hosts
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# Node-02
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hostnamectl set-hostname node-02
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# 添加 hosts...
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# Node-03
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hostnamectl set-hostname node-03
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# 添加 hosts...
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```
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#### 配置 SSH 免密登录
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```bash
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# 在 Node-01 生成密钥
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ssh-keygen -t rsa -N "" -f ~/.ssh/id_rsa
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# 分发公钥到其他节点
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ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.102
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ssh-copy-id root@192.168.1.103
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# 测试连接
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ssh node-02 "hostname"
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ssh node-03 "hostname"
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```
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---
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## 二、部署步骤
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### 2.1 克隆项目
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### 建议配好github账号
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```bash
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# 在所有节点执行
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cd /opt
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git clone <项目地址> HA-OVP
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cd HA-OVP
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```
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### 2.2 构建项目
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```bash
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# 在 Node-01 执行 (只需执行一次)
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# 构建所有模块
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mvn clean install -Dmaven.test.skip=true
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# 构建 Sentinel 镜像
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cd sentinel-dashboard
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docker build -t sentinel-dashboard:1.8.6 .
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cd ..
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# 验证构建产物
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ls -la video-*/target/*.jar
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```
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### 2.3 同步构建产物
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```bash
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apt install rsync -y #三个节点都需要安装
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# 从 Node-01 同步到其他节点
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rsync -avz --progress /opt/HA-OVP/ root@192.168.1.102:/opt/HA-OVP/
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rsync -avz --progress /opt/HA-OVP/ root@192.168.1.103:/opt/HA-OVP/
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```
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### 2.4 启动服务
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#### Node-01 启动 (主节点)
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```bash
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cd /opt/HA-OVP
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# 启动所有服务
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-01.yml --env-file config/.env.node-01 up -d
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# 查看日志
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-01.yml logs -f
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```
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#### Node-02 启动 (从节点)
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```bash
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cd /opt/HA-OVP
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# 等待 Node-01 完全启动后 (约3分钟)
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-02.yml --env-file config/.env.node-02 up -d
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# 查看日志
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-02.yml logs -f
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```
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#### Node-03 启动 (备份节点)
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```bash
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cd /opt/HA-OVP
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# 启动基础设施
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-03.yml --env-file config/.env.node-03 up -d
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```
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### 2.5 初始化数据库
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```bash
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# 在 Node-01 执行，等待MySQL完全启动后
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# 创建 Nacos 数据库并导入表结构
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docker exec -i mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 << 'EOF'
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CREATE DATABASE IF NOT EXISTS nacos_config CHARACTER SET utf8mb4 COLLATE utf8mb4_unicode_ci;
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EOF
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docker exec -i mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 nacos_config < config/nacos-mysql.sql
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# 导入业务数据库
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docker exec -i mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 < sql/init.sql
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```
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### 2.6 配置 MySQL 主从复制
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```bash
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# 在 Node-01 (主节点) 创建复制用户
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docker exec mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 << 'EOF'
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CREATE USER IF NOT EXISTS 'repl'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'repl_password_2024';
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GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* TO 'repl'@'%';
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FLUSH PRIVILEGES;
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SHOW MASTER STATUS;
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EOF
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# 在 Node-02 和 Node-03 (从节点) 分别配置主从
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docker exec mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 << 'EOF'
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CHANGE MASTER TO
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MASTER_HOST='192.168.1.101',
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MASTER_USER='repl',
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MASTER_PASSWORD='repl_password_2024',
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MASTER_AUTO_POSITION=1;
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START SLAVE;
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SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G
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EOF
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# 确认 Slave_IO_Running 和 Slave_SQL_Running 都为 Yes
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```
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### 2.7 配置 Redis 主从复制
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```bash
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# 在 Node-02 和 Node-03 执行
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docker exec redis redis-cli -a redis_HA_Cluster_2024 REPLICAOF 192.168.1.101 6379
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# 验证主从状态
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docker exec redis redis-cli -a redis_HA_Cluster_2024 INFO replication
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```
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### 2.8 配置 Nacos
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访问 http://192.168.1.101:8848/nacos (账号: nacos/nacos)
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1. 创建命名空间: `public`
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2. 添加各服务的配置文件 (参考 `config/nacos-config/` 目录)
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### 2.9 初始化 MinIO
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```bash
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# 安装 mc 客户端
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wget https://dl.min.io/client/mc/release/linux-amd64/mc
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chmod +x mc
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mv mc /usr/local/bin/
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# 配置别名 (注意端口是 9100)
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mc alias set myminio http://192.168.1.101:9100 minioadmin minioadmin123
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# 创建存储桶
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mc mb myminio/video-platform --ignore-existing
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# 设置公开访问策略
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mc anonymous set download myminio/video-platform
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# 验证
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mc ls myminio
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```
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---
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## 三、端口分配汇总
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### 3.1 各节点端口分配
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| 服务 | Node-01 | Node-02 | Node-03 | 说明 |
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|------|---------|---------|---------|------|
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| **MySQL** | 3306 | 3306 | 3306 | 数据库主从 |
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| **Redis** | 6379 | 6379 | 6379 | 缓存主从 |
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| **Redis Sentinel** | 26379 | 26379 | 26379 | 哨兵监控 |
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| **Nacos** | 8848 | 8848 | 8848 | 配置中心集群 |
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| **RocketMQ NameServer** | 9876 | 9876 | 9876 | NameServer集群 |
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| **RocketMQ Broker** | - | 10911 | 10911 | Broker双主 |
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| **MinIO API** | 9100 | 9100 | 9000 | 对象存储API |
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| **MinIO Console** | 9101 | 9101 | 9001 | 对象存储控制台 |
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| **Sentinel Dashboard** | 8880 | 8880 | 8880 | 熔断控制台 |
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| **video-gateway** | 9000 | 9000 | - | API网关 |
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| **video-auth** | 9001 | 9001 | - | 认证服务 |
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| **video-user** | 9002 | 9002 | - | 用户服务 |
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| **video-content** | 9003 | 9003 | - | 内容服务 |
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| **video-comment** | 9004 | 9004 | - | 评论服务 |
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| **video-recommend** | 9005 | 9005 | - | 推荐服务 |
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| **video-admin** | 9006 | 9006 | - | 管理后台 |
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| **Nginx** | 80 | - | - | 负载均衡 |
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### 3.2 端口说明
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- **MinIO 端口调整**: Node-01 和 Node-02 的 MinIO 端口改为 9100(API) 和 9101(Console)，避免与微服务端口冲突
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- **Node-03**: 仅部署基础设施，不部署微服务，作为热备份节点
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---
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## 四、验证部署
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### 4.1 检查服务状态
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```bash
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# 检查 Docker 容器状态
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docker ps
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# 检查 Nacos 服务注册
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curl http://192.168.1.101:8848/nacos/v1/ns/service/list
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# 检查 MySQL 主从
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docker exec mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 -e "SHOW SLAVE STATUS\G" | grep Running
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# 检查 Redis 主从
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docker exec redis redis-cli -a redis_HA_Cluster_2024 INFO replication | grep role
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# 检查 Sentinel 状态
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docker exec redis-sentinel redis-cli -p 26379 SENTINEL master mymaster
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```
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### 4.2 访问控制台
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| 服务 | 地址 | 账号密码 |
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|------|------|---------|
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| Nacos | http://192.168.1.101:8848/nacos | nacos/nacos |
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| Sentinel | http://192.168.1.101:8880 | sentinel/sentinel |
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| MinIO Console | http://192.168.1.101:9101 | minioadmin/minioadmin123 |
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| API Gateway | http://192.168.1.101:9000 | - |
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### 4.3 API 测试
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```bash
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# 获取验证码
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curl http://192.168.1.101:9000/auth/captcha
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# 健康检查
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curl http://192.168.1.101:9000/actuator/health
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curl http://192.168.1.102:9000/actuator/health
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```
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---
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## 五、高可用测试
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### 5.1 测试服务故障转移
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```bash
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# 停止 Node-01 的网关
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docker stop video-gateway
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# 测试 API (应该自动切换到 Node-02)
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curl http://192.168.1.102:9000/auth/captcha
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# 恢复服务
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docker start video-gateway
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```
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### 5.2 测试 Redis 主从切换
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```bash
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# 停止 Node-01 的 Redis
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docker stop redis
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# 查看 Sentinel 日志 (自动将从节点提升为主)
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docker logs redis-sentinel
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# 验证新的主节点
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docker exec redis redis-cli -a redis_HA_Cluster_2024 INFO replication
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# 恢复 Redis (会自动变为从节点)
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docker start redis
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```
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### 5.3 测试 Nacos 集群
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```bash
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# 停止 Node-01 的 Nacos
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docker stop nacos
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# 验证服务注册仍然可用
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curl http://192.168.1.102:8848/nacos/v1/ns/service/list
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# 恢复 Nacos
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docker start nacos
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```
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---
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## 六、常见问题
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### Q1: Docker 镜像拉取失败
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```bash
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# 配置国内镜像源
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vim /etc/docker/daemon.json
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# 添加镜像加速器
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# 重启 Docker
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systemctl restart docker
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```
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### Q2: Nacos 集群无法启动
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```bash
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# 检查时间同步
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apt-get install -y ntpdate
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ntpdate pool.ntp.org
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# 检查数据库连接
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docker exec mysql mysql -uroot -proot123456 -e "SHOW DATABASES;"
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```
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### Q3: 内存不足
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```bash
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# 查看内存使用
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free -h
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# 调整 JVM 参数
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# 编辑 config/.env.node-xx 文件中的 JAVA_OPTS
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JAVA_OPTS=-Xms128m -Xmx256m
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```
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### Q4: 端口冲突
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```bash
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# 查看端口占用
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ss -tlnp | grep -E '3306|6379|8848|9000|9002'
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# 停止冲突服务
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systemctl stop mysql
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systemctl stop redis
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```
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---
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## 七、日常运维
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### 7.1 日志查看
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```bash
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# 查看服务日志
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docker logs -f --tail 100 video-gateway
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docker logs -f --tail 100 video-auth
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# 查看所有服务状态
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-01.yml ps
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```
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### 7.2 服务重启
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```bash
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# 重启单个服务
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docker restart video-gateway
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# 重启所有服务
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docker compose -f docker-compose-node-01.yml restart
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```
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### 7.3 数据备份
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```bash
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# MySQL 备份
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docker exec mysql mysqldump -uroot -proot123456 --all-databases > backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).sql
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# Redis 备份
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docker exec redis redis-cli -a redis_HA_Cluster_2024 BGSAVE
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docker cp redis:/data/dump.rdb redis_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d).rdb
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# MinIO 备份
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mc mirror myminio/video-platform minio_backup_$(date +%Y%m%d)
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```
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---
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## 八、性能调优
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### 8.1 JVM 调优
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根据实际内存调整 JVM 参数：
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```bash
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# 8GB 内存服务器建议配置
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JAVA_OPTS=-Xms512m -Xmx1024m -XX:MetaspaceSize=128m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=256m -XX:+UseG1GC
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# 16GB 内存服务器建议配置
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JAVA_OPTS=-Xms1g -Xmx2g -XX:MetaspaceSize=256m -XX:MaxMetaspaceSize=512m -XX:+UseG1GC
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```
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### 8.2 MySQL 调优
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```bash
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# 编辑 MySQL 配置
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vim config/mysql/my-master.cnf
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# 关键参数
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innodb_buffer_pool_size = 2G # 设置为物理内存的 50-70%
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innodb_log_file_size = 512M
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max_connections = 500
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```
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### 8.3 Redis 调优
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```bash
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# 编辑 Redis 配置
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vim config/redis/redis-master.conf
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# 关键参数
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maxmemory 2gb
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maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
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```
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---
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## 九、架构图
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```
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┌─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┐
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│ 高可用集群架构 │
|
||
├─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||
│ │
|
||
│ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐
|
||
│ │ Node-01 │ │ Node-02 │ │ Node-03 │
|
||
│ │ 192.168.1.101 │ │ 192.168.1.102 │ │ 192.168.1.103 │
|
||
│ ├─────────────────┤ ├─────────────────┤ ├─────────────────┤
|
||
│ │ MySQL Master │ ──────▶ │ MySQL Slave │ ──────▶ │ MySQL Slave │
|
||
│ │ Redis Master │ ◀────── │ Redis Slave │ ◀────── │ Redis Slave │
|
||
│ │ Nacos Node1 │ ◀─────▶ │ Nacos Node2 │ ◀─────▶ │ Nacos Node3 │
|
||
│ │ NameServer │ │ NameServer │ │ NameServer │
|
||
│ │ MinIO :9100 │ │ Broker-A :10911 │ │ Broker-B :10911 │
|
||
│ │ Sentinel :8880 │ │ MinIO :9100 │ │ MinIO :9000 │
|
||
│ ├─────────────────┤ │ Sentinel :8880 │ │ Sentinel :8880 │
|
||
│ │ Gateway :9000 │ ├─────────────────┤ └─────────────────┘
|
||
│ │ Auth :9001 │ │ Gateway :9000 │ (备份节点)
|
||
│ │ User :9002 │ │ Auth :9001 │
|
||
│ │ Content :9003 │ │ User :9002 │
|
||
│ │ Comment :9004 │ │ Content :9003 │
|
||
│ │ Recommend :9005 │ │ Comment :9004 │
|
||
│ │ Admin :9006 │ │ Recommend :9005 │
|
||
│ │ Nginx :80 │ │ Admin :9006 │
|
||
│ └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘
|
||
│ (主节点) (从节点)
|
||
└─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||
```
|